What is conjugated linoleic acid,CLA?

Conjugated linoleic acid,CLA Is the isomer of linoleic acid, is a mixture with different double bond position and configuration  from linoleic acid. It is a natural unsaturated fatty acid derivative present in ruminant meat, In non-meat food and human body also has a small amount of existence. Different CLA isomers are produced during the chemical hydrogenation of fats, such as margarine.

CLA is a group of 18 carbon atoms of unsaturated fatty acids, by the two conjugates of the combination of geometric, positional isomers mixed (linoleic acid is a non-conjugated diene), CLA two isomers Usually in the C-9, C-11 or C-10, C-12, the structure of the cis and anti-two.

The CLA was first discovered in 1987 from ground beef and was clear because it had an anti-mutagenic effect. Later in the milk and its products have also been found in the CLA (per gram of fat content of 3 ~ 9mg). In general, the CLA content in ruminant meat is higher than that in non-ruminant meat (0.6 to 5.6 mg per gram of fat).

The linoleic acid catalyzed isomerization can produce CLA, and linoleic acid is a widely distributed polyunsaturated essential fatty acids.

In 1998, Park and Pariza found that reverse-10, cis-12CLA was found in horse serum, suggesting that the origin of CLA isomers may be more complex than we envisioned.

Yogurt, cream and acid cream were stored at 4 ℃ for 6 weeks, the cheese was stored for 32 weeks, and the cream and ice cream were stored for 6 months at -20 ℃. There was no significant change in the CLA content during storage. 60 ~ 80 ℃ The crushed beef patties treated (fried, baked, baked or microwave heated) were stored at 4 ° C for 7 days, and no significant changes in CLA content during storage. The above results show that CLA is stable during storage.

What is main function of conjugated linoleic acid,CLA?

International studies have confirmed that conjugated linoleic acid has the role of inhibiting cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-atherosclerosis, reduce fat, increase muscle and enhance immune function, can be developed into a variety of special effects of health food, food additives, Drugs, cosmetics and so on. At present the international market has been listed, but the price is expensive.

1. Treatment of obesity

The study found that CLA can affect the composition of the body changes, the formation and metabolism of fat in the body has a great effect, CLA can inhibit the activity of lipoprotein hydrolase, can increase the fat in 3T3-L1 fat cells in the hydrolysis rate, the former can be reduced Fat absorption and storage, which can accelerate the metabolism of fat has been fat, so CLA in weight loss food and drugs can have a very wide range of applications.

Consumption of 0.5% of the CLA can reduce the body fat content, the corresponding increase in lean body weight. Natural Inc. research shows that taking CLA can reduce fat content, the body's appearance to reduce the volume. Recently, Norwegian researchers found that taking 3gCLA 90 days a day, the body's body fat can be reduced by 20%, the corresponding muscle content increased by 5%.

Recent studies have shown that healthy individuals in the daily diet to add CLA, for 3 months, the proportion of body fat decreased.

2. Tumor prevention and treatment

CLA in the role of anti-cancer performance is different from linoleic acid. In recent years, a large number of foreign animal experiments show that: CLA has to prevent animals and humans suffering from cancer and cardiovascular disease, can antagonize the role of a variety of carcinogens.

In the study of mice, CLA can inhibit the growth of murine skin cancer, pre-rat gastrectomy and rat breast tumor cells. In the study of the human body, CLA on human malignant black tumor, colorectal cancer and breast cancer cells have inhibited the growth. While the level of inhibition was positively correlated with the food intake of CLA. Esterification of CLA and free CLA anti-cancer effect of the same, and the initial stage of breast cancer and promote the growth phase have a significant inhibitory effect. It is reported that the fish oil containing n-3 unsaturated fatty acids is also a kind of health care products that inhibit the formation of tumor, but the dietary fish oil content of more than 10% to play an anti-cancer effect, and CLA level of 0.1 % Had a significant inhibitory effect on low-dose DMBA-induced breast cancer.

CLA can affect cancer development in three ways: directly affect carcinogenesis, reduce the body accumulation, can indirectly raise the risk of cancer excess fat, improve the development of cancer and some cancer treatment related cachexia.

3. Prevention and treatment of diabetes

A group of researchers at Purdue University and The Pennsylvania State University have found that CLA is effective in preventing the onset of diabetes. After the experiment with the mouse, scientists found that CLA with the current application of a new treatment of diabetes drugs "thiazolidinediones" (referred to as TZDs), have the same or even better effect. CLA can help regulate and reduce the blood glucose (blood glucose) levels, to prevent the occurrence of diabetes.

4. Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease

The results showed that total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride content were higher than those in the control group, and CLA was added to the diet with the same high fat content (including 14% fat and 0.1% cholesterol) Low In addition, the proportion of high-density lipoprotein (LDL) to high-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly decreased. Researchers at the University of Verizon have found that CLA can prevent heart atherosclerosis. The college used to test mice and rabbits, with cholesterol-containing recipes to keep them, the results show that, CLA can not only reduce the arterial fat precipitation, but also to eliminate some of the existing fat. CLA can affect the serum cholesterol levels, the study found that consumption of a certain dose of CLA, can reduce the harmful LDA content, without affecting the health of the HDL content, the impact of CLA on cholesterol is further clinical research.

5.Promote growth

CLA has a beneficial effect on growth and development. Chin et al. (1994) studied the effect of dietary CLA on the growth and development of rats during pregnancy and lactation. The results showed that when female rats were fed with CLA during pregnancy and during lactation Of the heavier weight, while the young rats continue to feed after the weaning of CLA, the weight gain was significantly higher than do not continue to feed CLA. In addition, CLA for the growth of endotoxin produced by the obstacles to growth, but also has the effect of inhibition of chicken and rats injected with E. coli produced lipopolysaccharide caused by weight loss, can be added by the feed CLA to inhibit; CLA can also prevent the rabbit injection Toxins cause weight loss and loss of appetite. The above results show that CLA may be a growth factor, its biological activity is beneficial to the body. Therefore, it was suggested that CLA may be previously unknown one of the essential nutrients in the body, to promote the growth and development.

6. Antioxidant

CLA is a powerful antioxidant. CLA: linoleic acid = 1: 1000, can inhibit the formation of peroxide. The effect of CLA on the metabolism of benzopyrene was studied by cultured mouse fibroblasts. It was found that CLA could change the metabolism of benzene pyrene and change it from the activated state to the non-activated state and reduce the toxicity because benzopyrene was in fibroblasts Activation is through the oxidation mechanism, rather than the cytochrome P450 mechanism, so that CLA has the role of antioxidants. As for its antioxidant strength, the researchers compared CLA and other antioxidants found in the phosphate buffer / ethanol solution CLA can inhibit the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, the effect and butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) Similar to vitamin E.

Therefore, CLA in functional foods, drugs can have a wide range of applications, the molecular level of CLA on the biological activity mechanism, is now in progress.